MicroRNA and diabetic retinopathy—biomarkers and novel therapeutics

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) accounts for ~80% of legal blindness in persons aged 20-74 years and is associated with enormous social health burdens. Current therapies are invasive, non-curative, in-effective 15-25% DR patients. This review outlines the potential utility microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers therapy diabetic retinopathy. miRNAs small noncoding forms RNA that may play a role pathogenesis by altering level expression genes via single nucleotide polymorphism regulatory loops. A majority intracellular specific have been cellular changes DR. Some extracellular called circulatory microRNAs. Circulatory found to be differentially expressed serum bodily fluid patients diabetes mellitus (DM) without severity DR, future studies reveal whether could serve novel reliable detect or predict progression. Therapeutic strategies can developed utilizing natural miRNA/long (lncRNA) lncRNAs two major families non-protein-coding transcripts. They molecules fundamental processes variety mechanisms, their function tightly regulated. The recent evidence indicates cross-talk between lncRNAs. Therefore, dysregulation critical human disease pathogenesis, such long-distance communicators reprogramming agents, they embody an entirely paradigm tissue signaling interaction. By targeting miRNAs, whole pathways implicated potentially altered. Understanding endogenous roles lead diagnostic therapeutic approaches managing this frequently blinding retinal condition.